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2014年7月6日托福口语预测 综合题
Task 3-1
短文内容是说现在的 Modern literature 课越来越 popular, 有些大学就采取了两个方法让更多的同学 enroll。
方法一:把小教室换成大教室;
方法二,把课时加到晚上,让更多的人来听。
听力内容是一男一女,男的不同意学校的方法,
理由一是小教室更方便 group discussion,大教室距离远了不好操作;
理由二是有的同学晚上有活动,还有 jobs to do,肯定没有时间来参加晚上的课时。
Task 3-2
学校在考试复习期间举办什么娱乐活动,期间取消校内公交车,有人感到不满给校长写信,
原因一是噪音影响在宿舍复习的人,
原因二是取消 校内公交车对要乘车的人很不方便。
对话中女生认为这两个理由都没有说服力。
首先要看书的人可以去图书馆看,不一定非要在宿舍,图书馆很安静。
其次学校很小,去哪里都可以步行,不行横穿学校只要 30 分钟,况且公交车只取消几个小时而已,no big deal
Task 3-3
学校要建个休息室 change a room in student center into student lounge 给不住学校的学生用,可以放书,有 locker,放一些 bus schedule。男生不同意一:住学校的同学也需要,因为宿舍很远。图书馆已经有 locker,不需要再建。二:没必要专门为放 bus schedule 建休息室,网上电话都可以查。
Task 3-4
jazz band 要在 afternoon 在校园的 lawn 开 concert woman 不满意 因为
1. 学生要学习, 会打扰, evening 更好
2. 很多人聚堆会踏坏草坪
Task 3-5
学校决定让 freshman 最多没学期选四门课,因为学生需要时间 involve in non-academic activities 和 develop research skills。男生表示同意,说自己就是因为大一课太多太忙了,没时间参加社团活动。然后就是他觉得 develop research skill 需要花很多时间,举了一个他自己做 old newspaper(?)研究的例子。
Task 4-1
英文版
behavior exposure Concerning about negative consequence, kids usually fear to do something new. Themethod to solve this problem is let them try new things gradually (sorry, can not recall some details)
The speaker gives a example:
His family moved to Los Angeles,some neighbor kids played outside (riding bicycle), he found that his son wanted to join but also fear to do so. So he asked his son if helike to buy some ice cream from the store, his son said “OK”, then he asked his son say “hi” when they are passing by the neighbor kids. His son did that according to his suggestion. On the way back, here commended his son to talk more with the neighbor kids on the bicycle riding ( did not get completely, sorry).
After they returned home, hisson asked if he can go out to play with the neighbor kids.
中文版
behavior exposure 大概是心理学暴露疗法的意思
阅读说
孩子有时候不原交往,害怕负面影响
步骤 1.教孩子接触那件事
2.孩子发现没有负面影响
3.不再害怕
lecture (有点啰嗦 可是我难得记得住)
教授的孩子 Tommy 11 岁 搬到洛杉矶以后 Tommy 不敢和别的孩子玩,可是又想玩(傲娇啊)
有一天 tommy 看着窗外的孩子很郁闷,于是教授说 tommy 我们去买雪糕,然后路过那些孩子的时候打个招呼说 HI ,然后去了之后孩子们都很友善;第二次叫 tommy 赞扬别的孩子的车,然后就融入孩子们了。
Task 4-2
anticipated emotion。人们采取行动之前会对自己做了这个事情之后会有一个怎样的心情有一个估测,然后根据这个估测决定自己是不是要做那件事。lecture 里,教授举例子说有一次去给妹妹买生日礼物,发现一件很想买的 jacket,但是买了 jacket 之后就只能给妹妹买很便宜的小礼物,于是他就想如果真的买了 jacket 的话他肯定会很愧疚,所以最后决定还是不买了
Task 4-3
Aggressive recuiting 即商家在推广期间给与顾客一些实惠,积累顾客,推广期过后开始收费增加收入。
lecture 举了一个 gym 的例子在说明 这种策略的有效性。具体是,gym 在推广期让消费者免费获得健身指导,一个月以后取消免费政策,结果大部分人都继续使用该服务,于是增加了gym 的 customer basis,是有效的
Task 4-4
Reading: 【课文要点】讲象征性的奖励(token reward system) 。每次学生行为良好就给个象征性的奖励 , 积累到一定的数量 , 就可以拿 real reward 杄 用不同的奖励来引导学生的行为,可以有效地刺激学生学习。
Listening:【教授举例】教授举了一个例子:如果想要学生上课安静听话,可以给他们安排更多时间玩,结果不太有效,因为有些学生不喜欢在操场玩,喜欢在教室活动。接着教授给学生 wood coin,学生可以攒着,积累到一定了就可以换取学生自己想要的奖励方式:比如优先使用电脑等,这样促进了学生学习。
Sample answer:
The reading passage explains a definition of token reward system It states that a token reward is often used to encourage those students who behave well in class. When they accumulate a certain number of token rewards, they can get real reward.
In the listening passage, the professor gives an example to illustrate this. If the students listened to the teacher attentively in class, the professor would reward them with extra playing on the ground.
However, not all of them enjoyed playing on the ground; some of them would rather stay in the classroom, doing something to their own taste. Then the professor changed. He gave students wood coins; students collected them. When they had a certain number of them, they would be rewarded as they like, such as using the computer before others.
By these means, he proves that token reward system can motivate students to learn and behave well.
Task 4-5
【名词解释】planning fallacy. (“planning fallacy”讲的是人很难预测到潜在的问题 ) Fail to consider all the possible factors that affect the project and lead to the inaccuracy in estimate the time that cost to complete then lead to bad consequences.
【讲座例子】 教授在大学时是好学生,有一天他的教授布置了 10pages 的 paper,他认为他 很快可以写完,所以提前一天开始写,到了图书馆,借了书,回去发现材料不够,再去图书 馆时,已经关门了,所以只能迟交作文,最后得了很低的分,虽然他教师觉得他的内容很好
Task 4-6
为了确定 service 在 consumer 当中的印象 , 用 observation 而不是用普通的 ask questions ,因为 questions 让人觉得烦,会给 negative answer,例子是一个 museum 有 3 parts 要知道 哪个 part 更 popular
Task 5-1
英文版
Female student got a problem
She is taking a pottery course, got ahomework to make some pottery and put flower in, but she accidentlydrop the pottery into 3 pieces Two solutions proposed by herself:)
1 glue together, but get some crack on it
2 start over again, days may be sufficient, but she get another final exam to prepare
中文版
个女生心情不好
原来是在陶艺课 做了个花瓶后天要上交本来做好了 可是早上不小心打了 碎成三块男生说 wow 那可怎么办。女生说
1.glue it together as the peices are not tiny, but afraid that the Prof. will discover and get low mark
2.make a new one but she has a final test for another course which she really need to study
Task 5-2
【学生困难】 :女生要在校报发表一篇 paper,但文章写得 too long to publish。
【解决方案】 :男编辑给他两个方案:方案 1、删掉一半 cut off the paper / make it shorter 就能立即出版。但女生觉得每个部分都很重要,不愿意 cut,要弄短就只能 Summarize 了。方案 2、到暑期版 summer issue 上发表 publish。女生不太愿意,因为暑假大家都放假了,没人看得到。
Task 5-3
女生说父母来参加他的毕业典礼,遇到了麻烦:他们从比较远的地方来需要找地方住下,但学校附近的 hotel 都 book 满了。 Solu1:去她的公寓住,但她的公寓非常小,需要 rearrange,她要睡沙发了。 Solu2:去远一点的 hotel 住,但缺点是离学校开车 20 分钟, 需要租车,成本比较高。
In the conversation, the woman comes across a problem that her parents are going to attend her graduation ceremony and they need to find somewhere to live in since they come from long distance. The problem is that all the hotels nearby has been booked. Her friend gives her two solutions. One is her parents live in her department with her, but the department is too small, she has to rearrange it and sleep in the sofa. The other is to live in a hotel at a distance, however, they need to rent a car so that will cost a lot. Personally, I would definitely prefer the first one. Living in her department is very convenient for her parents to go to her school, and if they arrange the department well, all of them can live comfortably. What’s more, if her parents live in a hotel far away, the woman will be worried about her parents. All in all, I would choose to have the woman live with her parents in her department.
Task 5-4
男的要去听音乐会,但是时间和他得一个试镜冲突。怎么办。
方法一,听一半音乐会,再去试镜,但是浪费音乐会票。
方法二,去听音乐会,第二天再去试镜,可是第一天是主角,第二天都是配角的试镜,没几句台词
Task 5-5
男子的问题, summer job, 租了个房子, 但 kitchen unavailable, 2 decisions:
1. friend 有 kitchen,一起用, 但是会 inconvenient.
2. 在 school cafeteria 买个 plan ,很便宜,但距离远
Task 5-6
男生在 spring break 要去西班牙玩,准备拍照,但是数码相机丢了,女生让他买,但是他说没有 enough money,他自己说他朋友(貌似说了具体的名字)可以借给他,但是他不想用,女生说:对,万一 broken 或者 stolen 就不好了
Task 6-1
【讲课要点】 :不能自身移动的海底 sea bottom 动物 dwellers(居民)获得食物的方法 feed
有两种:第一种、active method:举例:海葵 sea anemone [əәˈneməәni] 伪装成植物,寄生在其他动物身上,寄主又会放毒液,这样 sea anemone [əәˈneməәni]就能捕住食物了。第二种、passive method,举例:牡蛎 Oyster[ˈɔistəә],不动。坐等海水流把微生物 tiny material 送到嘴边
Task 6-2
monkey 常年住在树上, 该怎么喝水。 举了两个例子, 第一个是一种 monkey (记不得名字了,屏幕上会出现) , 这种 monkey 只要吃新鲜多汁的叶子(tender leaves)就可以补充足够的水分;
另一些 monkey 是去下雨后积水形成的小池塘里喝水;有一种 spider monkey 是寻找cup-shaped 的植物,利用植物作容器喝水。
Task 6-3
讲鸟类迁徙之前都会做一定的调整和改变,分两方面:1,body change:长途飞行需要大量能量,为了减少停下来的次数,会提前储存能量,吃多点存脂肪。2,习惯的改变:为了应对路上碰到的敌人,一些独来独往的鸟会开始 social,结成 group 一起飞,比较安全。
In the lecture, the professor mainly talks about birds’ adjustment and change before their migration. He tells us two respects of changes.
The first one is the body change. In order to decrease the number of pauses during the long flight, the birds need a quantity of energy. Therefore, before their journey, the birds will eat much more food to store fat, which will save a great deal of energy for them ahead.
The second one is their habit change. The birds will meet a lot of enemies on the way of migration, so the birds who usually live alone will learn to be social and live in groups with other birds.
When the birds fly together to the destination, all of them will be much safer.
Task 6-4
讲了昆虫的两个行为确保他们新出生的后代能存活下去 。 方法一是在巢里放足够多的食物,这样小昆虫出生的时候就有东西吃了。例子是 potter wasp (好像是这个) ,他们建完巢以后,就会去找各种食物放在巢里。第二个方法是把巢建在食物充足的地方。例子是 butterfly 会四处找地方,找到食物最丰富的地方建巢,这样孩子就能自己捕食。
Task 6-5
教授讲,两种动物,black fly larva 和 splince(音译)为什么可以在激流中保持不动,那个larva 好象是因为 hand&hook,所以可以 touch the bottom of river.第二个好像身体里有一个borrower(音译) ,可以让他在水中保持不动。
Task 6-6
要孵化出来的动物交流有什么好处。好处一,蛋之间交流,可以一起孵出来。鸭子在会孵出来事,会发出卡卡声,别的小鸭子听到,会同时孵出来。二,可以和妈妈交流。鳄鱼蛋在快孵出来时,和妈妈交流。鳄鱼妈妈会把蛋上的泥清干净,帮它出壳。
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